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. 17th Armored Engineer Battalion.
142nd Armored Signal Company. 17th Armored Ordnance Battalion. 14th Armored Quartermaster Battalion. 48th Armored Medical BattalionU.S. Armored DivisionsPreviousNext( Inactive)The 2nd Armored Division ('Hell on Wheels' ) was an of the. The division played an important role during in the invasions of North Africa and Sicily and the liberation of France, and the and the invasion of Germany. During the, the division was primarily based at, and had a reinforced brigade forward stationed in,.
After participation in the, the division was inactivated in 1995. Btryv C, 702 TD Bn., 2nd Armored Division, on dug-in ramp has plenty of elevation to hurl shells at long range enemy targets across the Roer River.
Van Horne, and Pfc. 16 December 1944.The 2nd Armored was organized as a 'heavy' armored division, having two armored regiments of four medium tank battalions and two light tank battalions of three companies each. Along with the, it retained its organization throughout World War II–the 14 other U.S.
Armored divisions were reorganized as 'light' armored divisions, having three tank battalions, each consisting of three medium tank companies and one light tank company. Both types had an infantry component of three mechanized battalions, although the heavy divisions maintained an 'armored infantry regiment' organization.The core units of the division were the, the, the, the, the, and the 142nd Armored Signal Company.
The 82nd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion was known as the 'eyes and ears' of the 2nd Armored Division.The 2nd Armored Division had three battalions: (the, and ). The division also had support units, including the 2nd Ordnance Maintenance Battalion, 2nd Supply Battalion, the, and a band and military police platoon. The military police and band were tasked with headquarters defense of base operations under the banner of the 502d Adjutant General Company (502d AG).Opened front in North Africa Elements of the division were among the first U.S. Military to engage in offensive ground combat operations in the European and Mediterranean theater during World War II. The 2nd Armored Division, now commanded by Major General, served in along with the. They were part of the Western Task Force of, which landed at in on 8 November 1942.
The remainder of Torch's American component were the,. However, the 2nd Armored Division did not see much action in North Africa and instead remained in on garrison and training duties. In April 1943 Major General Harmon relinquished command of the division to Major General. Training in began in preparation for an amphibious landing at.Operation Husky As the reserve force of the Western Task Force of, codename for the, the division landed on 10 July 1943 in support of the at the. Afterwards, the division next went into action in the second landing at, Sicily on 21 July following the 's better-known earlier landing on 10 July.
The 2nd Armored, operating closely with of the, then fought through to the Sicilian capital of. Along the way the 2nd Armored Division captured thousands of (POWs). The fighting in Sicily came to an end on 17 August, with the 2nd Armored Division having sustained relatively light casualties in the brief campaign, where it had gained its first of World War II, belonging to. During the campaign the division came under the command of the, under, who had been a former commander of the division.Soon afterwards the 2nd Armored Division was sent to, in preparation for the, and remained there until June 1944.
In April the division received a new commander, Major General, a decorated veteran of, replacing Major General Gaffey.Normandy invasion. Clay Kaserne was home to the U.S. Army's 2nd Armored Division (Forward) from 1978 to 1993. The kaserne was located 24 kilometers north of the city of Bremen.2nd Armored Division (Forward) was based at a new military facility near the village of Garlstedt just north of the city of. The facilities cost nearly $140 million to construct, half of which was paid for by the Federal Republic of Germany. The brigade had approximately 3,500 soldiers and another approximately 2,500 family dependents and civilian employees. The German government constructed family housing in the nearby city of.
In addition to troop barracks, motor pools, an indoor firing range, repair and logistics facilities, and a local training area, facilities at Garlstedt included a troop medical clinic, post exchange, library, movie theater, and a combined officer/non-commissioned officer/enlisted club. The division's soldiers and family members received radio and TV broadcasts from The American Forces Network (AFN) – Europe via the affiliate station located in the nearby port city of Bremerhaven. In April 1986, a Burger King restaurant opened on the kaserne.The brigade was officially designated as 2nd Armored Division (Forward) during ceremonies at, FRG on 25 July 1978. The Garlstedt facilities were officially turned over to the United States by the German government in October. At that time the Garlstedt kaserne (camp) was named after General, revered by the German people for his role as the American military commander following World War II.
His son, a retired U.S. Army major general, attended the ceremony.
66th Armor regimental coat of arms. The 2nd and 3rd battalions of the regiment provided the heavy armor punch of the 2nd Armored Division (Forward).The brigadier general in charge of 2nd Armored Division (Forward) had a unique command. In addition to command of the heavy brigade, he also functioned as the Commander, (Forward), headquartered in, and as commander of all US Army forces in Northern Germany, including the military communities of Garlstedt and Bremerhaven. In the event of the deployment of and/or the 2nd Armored Division from the United States, the division commander would revert to his job as assistant division commander for operations of 2nd Armored Division. This contingency was practised during REFORGER exercises in 1980 and 1987. As a result of this varied and demanding job, command of the 2nd Armored Division (Forward) was considered a plum assignment for armor branch brigadier generals, on par with perhaps only the Berlin Brigade for high visibility and potential for advancement to higher rank.
Brigadier generals who held the position included James E. Armstrong, George R. Stotser, Thomas H. Tait, William F.
Streeter, John C. Heldstab, and Jerry R.
Rutherford.The brigade's subordinate combat units initially consisted of the 3rd Battalion of the 41st Infantry Regiment, 2nd Battalion of the 50th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Battalion, (Iron Knights), 1st Battalion, 14th Field Artillery Regiment, and C Troop, 2nd Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment. In October 1983, as part of the army's regimental alignment program, 2–50 Infantry was redesignated as 4–41 Infantry and 1–14 Field Artillery as 4-3 Field Artillery.
Other brigade subordinate units eventually included the 498th Support Battalion, D Company, 17th Engineer Battalion, and the 588th Military Intelligence Company. The brigade also had a military police platoon and an aviation detachment. In 1986, under the army's COHORT unit manning and retention plan, 3–41st Infantry returned to Fort Hood and was replaced by 1–41st Infantry. In 1987, 4–41st Infantry returned to, Texas and was replaced by 3–66th Armor (Burt's Knights, named for Captain who was awarded the Medal of Honor as a company commander in the 66th Armored Regiment in the during World War II). Now an armor-heavy brigade, 2nd Armored Division (Forward) fielded 116 M-1A1 Abrams tanks and nearly 70 M2/3 Bradley Fighting Vehicles.The brigade initially deployed to Germany with the tank and the. 4–3rd Field Artillery had the 155 mm self-propelled howitzer.
In 1984, 2–66th AR transitioned to the main battle tank. In 1985, 3–41st IN and 4–41st IN transitioned to the Fighting Vehicle; also, C/2-1 Cavalry was replaced by an air cavalry troop, D/2-1 Cavalry, armed with S Cobra attack helicopters. 2–66th Armor's 1987 Canadian Army Trophy uniform patch.The division participated in numerous major NATO training exercises, including 'Trutzige Sachsen' (1985), 'Crossed Swords' (1986) and the 'Return of Forces to Germany' (REFORGER) (1980 and 1987). Division subordinate units used the NATO gunnery and maneuver ranges at the for gunnery and maneuver training and each year the division as a whole deployed south to and (both in ) training areas for annual crew and unit gunnery and maneuver qualification.
2nd Armored Division (Forward) developed a reputation for excellence during these deployments, particularly in tank crew gunnery.Tank companies from 2–66th, and later 3–66th, Armor competed in the bi-annual NATO tank gunnery competition, the, or 'CAT,' as part of the NORTHAG team. C Company, 2–66th first contested for the trophy in 1983. And while a West German tank platoon won the competition that year at Bergen Hohne, 2–66th surprised the competition by performing well with its old M60A1 tanks, which used optical rangefinder technology from the World War II era. This showed the value of local course knowledge over pure technology.
C Company, 2–66th contested for the trophy again in 1985, and D Company, 2–66th was part of the NORTHAG team in 1987. In 1989 C Company, 3–66th Armor won the competition outright. Participation in 'CAT' was a source of great pride among the tank crews of 2AD (FWD).The division had a formal partnership with 32, a Federal Republic of Germany mechanized infantry brigade headquartered in nearby. The division also had informal relationships with Dutch, Belgian, and British forces, often conducting joint training activities at Bergen Hohne.Gulf War The by Saddam Hussein in August 1990 caught the division in the midst of the post-Cold War drawdown of the U.S. The division's 2nd Brigade could not be deployed as a whole; it was in the middle of inactivating. Some units like A 1/92, a MLRS unit, as well a couple of others were attached to the Division's 1st brigade, known as the 'Tiger Brigade', for the war, and was commanded by Colonel, deployed to Saudi Arabia independently and participated in by providing heavy armor support for United States Marine Corps (USMC) forces in their attack into Kuwait. It was spearheaded by and The Tiger Brigades 1-3 Field Artillery Bn.
It served at the. The Tiger Brigade was credited with destroying or capturing 181 enemy tanks, 148 APCs, 40 artillery pieces, 27 AA emplacements, and 263 Iraqi soldiers killed with an additional 4,051 captured.
An Iraqi tank destroyed by the 2nd Armored Division's Task Force 1-41 Infantry during the 1st Gulf War, February 1991.The division's 3rd brigade, based in Germany, deployed to Saudi Arabia in the fall of 1990 and acted as the third maneuver brigade of the from, KS. One of the brigade's battalion task forces, was the first coalition force to breach the Saudi Arabian border on 15 February 1991 and conduct ground combat operations in Iraq engaging in direct and indirect fire fights with the enemy on 17 February 1991. It was involved in a six-hour battle to clear Iraq's initial defensive positions. Initially it was tasked with performing counter reconnaissance and reconnaissance missions against Iraqi reconnaissance units. The brigade served at the with the 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized) along with the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment.
They were responsible for destroying the Iraqi 18th Mechanized and 9th Armored Brigades of the Republican Guard Tawakalna Mechanized Infantry Division and the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division. They played a key role in the destruction of the destroying no less than 80 combat vehicles.
The brigade destroyed 60 Iraqi tanks and 35 infantry vehicles along the IPSA pipeline. This is known as the. By dawn of the third day of the ground campaign, the 2nd Armored Division (Forward) had a hand in the destruction of four Iraqi tank and mechanized brigades and two divisions. Between the cease-fire and the official end of the war in April 1991, 2nd Armored Division (Forward) took part in security operations to ensure peace in Kuwait. The division then redeployed to Saudi Arabia, where some of its soldiers established and ran three refugee camps near Raffia, Saudi Arabia.
Division relief workers processed over 22,000 Iraqi refugees between 15 April and 10 May. After turning the camps over to the Saudi Arabian government, the unit redeployed to Germany. 4th Battalion of the, 2nd Armored Division(FWD) conducts artillery strikes on Iraqi positions during the 1st Gulf War. 4-3 FA was the primary fire support battalion for Task Force 1–41 Infantry during the 1st Gulf War, February 1991.The division's attack helicopter battalion, 1st Battalion, deployed from Fort Hood to Saudi Arabia in fall 1990 attached to and with support from the 1st Cavalry Division (also based at Ft. The battalion was equipped with attack helicopters.
The battalion participated in many air strikes along the border region during the air portion of the campaign. The unit provided covering missions when the ground forces advanced into Iraq. 1st Battalion, 3rd Aviation Regiment was pulled back into Saudi Arabia after the cease-fire, with two squads staging in Kuwait to provide refueling and rearming services for battalion aircraft if hostilities resumed. The unit returned to Fort Hood, Texas, in April 1991 and continued the inactivation that was interrupted when Iraq invaded Kuwait.
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The unit was inactivated on 16 September 1991 and the regimental flag transferred to sister unit 3rd Battalion, 3rd Aviation Regiment based in Germany. The unit was transferred as a whole to Fort Campbell, Kentucky, in August 1991 and became the 2nd Battalion of the 101st Aviation Regiment (part of the 101st Airborne Division).Inactivation After the Gulf War the division went through a series of inactivations and redesignations. Due to the restructuring of the U.S.
Army after the end of the Cold War, the division was ordered off the active duty rolls, ending more than 50 years of continuous service. On return to Fort Hood in 1991, the Tiger Brigade and 1st Battalion of the 3rd Aviation Regiment, all that remained of the U.S.-based division, were redesignated as the 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, and the 2nd Battalion, 101st Aviation Regiment respectively. On 1 September 1991, 2nd Armored Division (Forward), in Germany, officially became 2nd Armored Division after main elements of 2nd Armored Division at Fort Hood inactivated.
SGT Michael L. Anderson was the last member of the 2nd Armored Division. He was a 74F who was in charge of cutting orders for all remaining members of 2nd Armored Division HQ. On 1 September 1991, he cut the final orders for himself and his commanding officer. Over the summer and fall of 1992, 2nd Armored Division was inactivated. Clay Kaserne was turned back over to the German government and was later to become home of the German Army Logistics and Supply School ( Logistikschule der Bundeswehr) as well as the seat of General der Nachschubtruppe.In December 1992, the 5th Infantry Division (Mechanized) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, was redesignated as the 2nd Armored Division.
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In 1993, the unit moved to Fort Hood. In December 1995, the 2nd Armored Division was again redesignated, this time as the (Mechanized), stationed at Fort Carson, CO. This formally ended the 2nd Armored Division's 55-year history. Several units historically associated with the 2nd Armored Division, including battalions from the 66th Armored Regiment and the 41st Infantry Regiment, currently serve as part of the 4th Infantry Division at Fort Carson, Colorado, the 1st Armored Division at Fort Bliss, Texas, and the at, Germany.Lucius D.
Clay's name was later reused for the.Though it was inactivated, the division was identified as the fifth highest priority inactive division in the 's lineage scheme due to its numerous accolades and long history. All of the division's flags and heraldic items were moved to the at, Georgia following its inactivation. Should the U.S.
Army decide to activate more divisions in the future, the center will most likely suggest the first new division be the, the second be the, the third be the and the fourth be the 2nd Armored Division. Commanders. Charles L. Scott July 1940 – November 1940. November 1940 – January 1942., January 1942 – July 1942. July 1942 – 6 April 1943.
Allen F. Kingman April 1943 – 5 May 1943.
5 May 1943 – 17 March 1944. 23 August 1940 - 9 June 1945. 17 March 1944 – 12 September 1944.
12 September 1944 – 19 January 1945. 19 January 1945 – 8 June 1945. 8 June 1945 – 4 September 1945. 4 September 1945 – 24 March 1946. 24 March 1946 – October 1946. October 1946 – August 1947. James G.
Christiansen September 1947 – 28 June 1949. 28 June 1949 – 1 November 1950.?? – 24 November 1951. Charles K. 24 November 1951 – 3 April 1952. 3 April 1952 – April 1953. April 1953 – 20 January 1955.
20 January 1955 – 5 April 1956. Conrad S. 5 April 1956 – 1 June 1957 Briard Poland Johnson 1 June 1957 – 30 October 1958. 30 October 1958 – 1 April 1960. Edward G.
Farrand 1 April 1960 – 1 July 1961. William H.S. Wright 1 July 1961 – 13 February 1963. Edwin H. Burba 13 February 1963 – August 1964.
September 1964 – July 1965. John E.
Kelly July 1965 – 3 July 1967. Joseph A. McChristian 3 July 1967 – 22 July 1969. Leonard C. Shea 22 July 1969 – 1 November 1969. Wendell J. Coats 1 November 1969 – 3 August 1971.
George G. Cantlay 3 August 1971 – 16 July 1973. 16 July 1973 – 5 August 1975.
5 August 1975 – 3 November 1977. Charles P.
Graham 3 November 1977 – 6 February 1980. Richard L. Prillaman 6 February 1980 – July 1982. John W. Woodmansee July 1982 – 20 August 1984.
20 August 1984 – 24 June 1986. Roger J. Price 24 June 1986 – 24 June 1988.
Glynn C Mallory, Jr. 24 June 1988 – June 1990. Phillip Mallory July 1990 –??.
Jared L. Bates September 1993 – 7 May 1994.
Robert S. Coffey 7 May 1994 – 15 December 1995In popular culture The division has featured in:Films.Follows men of the 66th Armored Regiment in the final days of World War IITV.In the episode 'Carentan' the division is featured at theVideo Games.The division is featured in the final level 'No Better Spot To Die' at the Battle of Bloody GulchSee also.Gen H. McMasters served as Lieutenant in the 66th Armored (Ft Hood) in the late 1980s.During the late 1980s then Lt. McMaster served as the XO of 1/66 AR, 2nd Armored Division.References. Washington, D.C.: US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 December 2014., Hell on Wheels, (, 1977).
E. Trahan, A History of the Second United States Armored Division (1946)., 'M1 Abrams VS T-72 Ural' (2009).
and, 'The Road to Safwan' (2007)., 'Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades' U.S. Army Center of Military History (1998). 2nd Armored Division 'Hell on Wheels' by Steven Smith. Westwell, Ian (2001). 1st Infantry Division 'Big Red One'. Spearhead #6. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan.
US Tank Battles in France 1944-45 by Steven Zaloga. Panzer IV vs Sherman: France 1944 by Steven ZalogaNotes. Uniquely among U.S.
Army units, it was worn over the left chest pocket of the field uniforms rather than on the sleeve. It was worn in the traditional sleeve position on the green class a dress uniform that was retired in 2015. ^.
21 April 2010. Archived from on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010. Component Elements of Armored Divisions in World War II. Stanton, Shelby L. World War II Order of Battle.
New York, New York: Galahad Books World War II Order of Battle p49. ORDER OF BATTLE OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY WORLD WAR II EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS. Special Operations History Foundation. Retrieved 30 April 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
La Monte, John L. & Lewis, Winston B. The Sicilian Campaign, 10 July – 17 August 1943 (1993) United States Government Printing Office pp.6&89.
^ Zaloga p.3. ^ Zaloga p.67. ^ Zaloga p.75. Military Channel, Program 'Tank Overhaul' ca 22:51, Wednesday 13 August 2008 (UTC) '18:00–19:00 hrs EDST', mixed documentary featuring M18 Hellcat refurbishment with interviews of WW-II veterans and expert commentary by WW-II historians. ^ Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths, Final Report (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, 1 June 1953)., Emily Freeman Brown, Scarecrow Press, Oxford, 2015, p. 311 Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra founded by Samuel Adler in 1952 on. on.
John Canaria, University of Rochester Press 1998 Seventh Army Symphony on. Amy C. Beal, University of California Press, Berkley, 2006, P. 49, 'Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra (1952–1962) performing works by Roy Harris, Morton Gould and Leroy Anderson' on. Retrieved 22 November 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2018. David Isby and Charles Kamps, Armies of NATO's Central Front, JAne's Publishing Company, 1985, p.373.
Retrieved 1 April 2018. Archived from on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018. Smith, p. 89. ^. Hillman, p.6.
Westwell, p. 88. Zaloga (2009), p. 64.
Dinackus, 2000, Chart 4–8. (German). Retrieved 21 October 2009.The nickname 'Hell on Wheels' was given by the GermansExternal links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.Contemporary unit. in reproduced at the.History.
Lt. European Theater of Operations. Historical Manuscripts Collection 8-3.1 am. The short film is available for free download at the.Lineages.
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